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Individual Record for: III HENRY (male)

Source:

bulkeley.txt

Notes:

During Henry's minority, England was ruled wisely by two regents. Howeve r, in 1227 Henry took control and years of misrule followed. In 1265, Sim on de Montfort summoned the first English parliament, but he was kill ed at the Battle of Evesham. The King reassumed control until his death.

Henry II had few of the personal qualities required to command respect--un martial, untrustworthy, childishly fickle, and prone to petulance, he alie nated enemies and advisers alike.

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Henry III (of England) (1207-72), king of England (1216-72), son and succe ssor of King John (Lackland), and a member of the house of Anjou, or Plant agenet. Henry ascended the throne at the age of nine, on the death of h is father. During his minority the kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, e arl of Pembroke, as regent, but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hube rt de Burgh was the chief power in the government. During the regency t he French, who occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebell ious barons were subdued.
Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232 he dismissed Hubert de Burgh fr om his court and commenced ruling without the aid of ministers. Henry disp leased the barons by filling government and church offices with foreign fa vorites, many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, wh om he married in 1236, and by squandering money on Continental wars, espec ially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his so ns, Henry agreed to pay the pope a large sum. When the king requested mon ey from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced h im to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his po wer with a council of barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, wi th papal approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referr ed to the arbitration of Louis IX, king of France, who decided in Henry 's favor in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfor t, earl of Leicester, accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Hen ry at Lewes, and took him prisoner. In 1265, however, Henry's son and hei r, Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the b arons at Evesham, about 40.2 km (about 25 mi) south of Birmingham. Sim on de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a compro mise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on Edward ruled Eng land, and when Henry died, he succeeded him as king.

"Henry III (of England)," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c) 199 3-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Notes Source: bulkeley.txt

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